Pramiracetam powder (68497-62-1)

Pramiracetam powder is nootropic compound belonging to the racetam family that are referred to as “Smart Drugs,” which are proving to be advantageous as memory, neural, intelligences and cognitive enhancers, that are beneficial as supplements as well as therapeutic in the treating of certain diseases. Pramiracetam was patented in Belgium in 1978 and is remarked to be much stronger than its chemical “cousins,” like Aniracetam or Piracetam. Pramiracetam has proven, over the last four decades, to be incredibly beneficial in restoring and maintaining overall health of the human brain.

Pramiracetam increases the abilities of an individual’s long-term memoryand allows knowledge to be recalled with greater ease. The drug presents with high-affinity choline uptake, or HACU, which encourages the synthesis and release of Acetylcholine to the Hippocampus of the brain. Like many within the category of nootropic, their brain empowering properties are being applied to a number of severe conditions that negatively affect memory and brain function. Pramiracetam has shown to be beneficial in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease, as well as, other forms of senile dementia. The medication is already being studied as a therapeuticresponse to traumatic brain injuries. Thus far the studies are proving tobe promising .

Pramiracetam powder is a central nervous system stimulant and nootropic agentbelonging to the racetam family of drugs. It is marketed by Menarini under the brand name Pramistar as a treatment for memory and attention deficits in aging people with neurodegenerative and vascular dementias in Italy and some Eastern European countries.

Pramiracetam was discovered by scientists at Parke-Davis, at that time adivision of Warner-Lambert, in the late 1970s; patents expired in 1996. Warner-Lambert conducted clinical trials in Alzheimer’s Disease and abandoned that indication after Phase II trials showed mixed results; it then began to develop it as an orphan drug as an adjunct to electroconvulsive therapy for major depressive disorder, in part to take advantage of the administrative exclusivity provided by the orphan status. It licensed European rights to Menarini which continued developing it for dementias, and in 1991 it licensed US and other non-European rights to Cambridge Neuroscience, Inc, (CNI) which pursued the ECT indication, as well as a use in restoring cognitive function after stroke or traumatic brain injury. CNI obtained the orphan designation for the ECT use from the FDA in 1991, which was later withdrawn when CNI abandoned the drug

CNI conducted a clinical trial in four people who had cognitive problems following a head injury. Trials conducted by or on behalf of Menarini and Warner-Lambert included two small trials conducted in Ukraine, one in people with cerebrovascular disease and another in people with concussion. Another small trial was performed in Italy, on healthy people in whom amnesia was induced with scopolamine.

Like most nootropics, Pramiracetam affects the release of neurotransmitters, brain chemicals that transmit signals from one nerve cell toanother. But Pramiracetam does it indirectly, in a manner somewhat different from the usual actions of racetam supplements, and it stimulates the brain in other ways as well.

Unlike piracetam, Noopept, and many other popular nootropics, Pramiracetam raw is fat soluble rather than water soluble, which meansit is absorbed into the bloodstream via fatty acids. It reaches peak concentrations and maximum bioavailability relatively quickly, generally within 30 minutes, and it has a moderately long half-life of 4-6 hours.

Most racetams work by directly stimulating specific neurotransmitter receptor sites and thus increasing production and release of specific neurotransmitters, but Pramiracetam doesn’t directly result in changes in neurochemical levels, and it doesn’t appear to have an affinity for any major neurotransmitter.

Its primary direct action is a significant increase in high-affinity cholineuptake in the hippocampus, the part of the brain crucial to the formation of long-term memories.

Choline is a precursor of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter profoundly involved in cognitive processes including learning speed, memory, and concentration.

By stimulating choline uptake, Pramiracetam raw indirectly modulates the release of acetylcholine and stimulates increased activity in the hippocampus. Because this part of the brain is essential to memory function, the general stimulation that Pramiracetam creates can improve both the formation of new memories and the retention of reference or long-term memories. The increased activity in the hippocampus also increases cerebral blood flow, which enhances alertness and improves cognitive abilities in general.

Pramiracetam raw may have other mechanisms of action as well.Researchers have hypothesized that in addition to its effect on the brain, Pramiracetam acts in peripheral sites outside the brain that rely on the adrenal glands. Animal studies suggest that Pramiracetam may also increase or restore brain membrane fluidity, which facilitates cell signaling.

Unlike many other racetam class nootropics, Pramiracetam raw doesn’t appear to actively alter either wakefulness or emotional states. This can be explained by Pramiracetam’s limited influence on theproduction and release of the neurotransmitters that have the greatest effect on mood and anxiety levels such as serotonin, GABA, and dopamine.

Pramiracetam (also known as Pramistar) is a nootropic stimulant of theracetam class. It is a derivative of piracetam, which has been studied as a cognitive enhancing agent.

In parts of Europe, pramiracetam is marketed as a prescription drug byMenarini under the brand name Pramistar as a treatment for memory and attention deficits in aging people with neurodegenerative and vascular dementias. In the United States, it is readily available and sold through online vendors as a dietary supplement.

Pramiracetam works well on its own, but one of its most interesting aspects is that it appears to be a powerful potentiator for other nootropics,increasing their effectiveness.It is a particularly effective potentiator for other racetams, making it a natural addition to most nootropic stacks.

Adding a choline supplement to a pramiracetam stack could have multiple benefits. Not only can it enhance pramiracetam’s effects, but it can also prevent headaches. Because pramiracetam has such potent effects, it is advisable to use it on its own for a trial period before combining it with other nootropics.

COA

• Fang Z, Liu X, Xiao Y, Jiang W. [Pharmacokinetics of pramiracetam in animals]. Hua Xi Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao. 1999 Dec;30(4):411-3. Chinese. PubMed PMID: 11387954.
•  Corasaniti MT, Paoletti AM, Palma E, Granato T, Navarra M, Nisticò G. Systemic administration of pramiracetam increases nitric oxide synthase activity in the cerebral cortex of the rat. Funct Neurol. 1995 May-Jun;10(3):151-5. PubMed PMID: 8557218.
• Murray CL, Fibiger HC. The effect of pramiracetam (CI-879) on the acquisition of a radial arm maze task. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1986;89(3):378-81. PubMed PMID: 3088666.
• Maresová D, Mares P. The action of pramiracetam on consequences of hypobaric hypoxia is only moderate. Physiol Res. 1996;45(3):245-8. PubMed PMID: 9200217.
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